Sioux Falls vs Pittsburg State (Feb 07, 2016)

 
News Box Score
 

2016 Sioux Falls Baseball
Sioux Falls at Pittsburg State (Game 2)
Feb 07, 2016 at Pittsburg, KS (Al Ortolani Field)

Sioux Falls 12 (2-2)

Player  ab  rbi 
Johnson,Rob cf 
GriffingJarvis,Brent 2b 
Minnick,Matthew rf 
Reichenbach,Ed 1b 
Richey,Austin dh 
   Sweeney,Cole pr 
   Rehwaldt, Josh dh 
   Bernardy,Ryan pr 
Crow,Trevor lf 
Gavin,Dylan 3b 
Merriam,Connor c 
Peterson,Gunner ss 
White, Kaleb p 
   Norkike, Austin p 
   Thompson, Chris p 
Totals   41  12  18 

Pittsburg State 9 (2-2)

Player  ab  rbi 
Falcon ss 
Macary rf 
Boylan 3b 
Vogelbaugh 1b 
Mercer c 
Brecheisen lf 
Arnold cf 
Karlin 2b 
   Cleland ph 
   Kilgore pr 
Durossette dh 
Gardner p 
   Martinkus p 
   Herrman p 
Totals   36  11 

Score by Innings                    R  H  E
-------------------------------------------
Sioux Falls......... 412 010 022 - 12 18  2
Pittsburg State..... 121 030 101 -  9 11  2
-------------------------------------------
E - Minnick,M; Thompson, C.; Karlin; Martinkus. DP - USF 2. LOB - USF 8; Pitt State 10. 2B - Johnson,R; Jarvis,B 2; Gavin,D; Merriam,C; Arnold. HR - Vogelbaugh(1); Brecheisen(1); Arnold(1). HBP - Karlin. SH - Gavin,D; Durossette. SF - Johnson,R; Reichenbach. SB - Crow,T; Gavin,D; Peterson,G. CS - Minnick,M; Sweeney,C.

Sioux Falls   ip  er  bb  so  wp  bk  hbp  ibb  ab  bf  fo  go  np 
White, Kaleb   4.2  21  27    
Norkike, Austin   2.0  10    
Thompson, Chris W,1-0  2.1    
 
Pittsburg State   ip  er  bb  so  wp  bk  hbp  ibb  ab  bf  fo  go  np 
Gardner   2.1  14  17    
Martinkus L,0-1  5.0  18  20    
Herrman   1.2  10    

WP - White, K.; Norkike, A.; Thompson, C.; Gardner 4; Martinkus. HBP - by White, K. (Karlin). Pitches/strikes: None.

Strikeouts - Johnson,R 2; Reichenbach; Richey,A; Crow,T; Gavin,D; Merriam,C 2; Peterson,G 2; Vogelbaugh; Mercer; Karlin. Walks - Jarvis,B; Merriam,C 2; Falcon 3; Brecheisen; Cleland; Durossette 3.

Umpires -
Start: 3:10 pm Time: 3:07 Attendance: 60

 
Box Score
 

2016 Sioux Falls Baseball
Sioux Falls at Pittsburg State (Game 2)
Feb 07, 2016 at Pittsburg, KS (Al Ortolani Field)

Sioux Falls 12 (2-2)

Player   ab    r    h  rbi   bb   so   po    a  lob 
Johnson,Rob cf 
GriffingJarvis,Brent 2b 
Minnick,Matthew rf 
Reichenbach,Ed 1b  15 
Richey,Austin dh 
   Sweeney,Cole pr 
   Rehwaldt, Josh dh 
   Bernardy,Ryan pr 
Crow,Trevor lf 
Gavin,Dylan 3b 
Merriam,Connor c 
Peterson,Gunner ss 
White, Kaleb p 
   Norkike, Austin p 
   Thompson, Chris p 
Totals  41  12  18  10  27  19 
  

Pittsburg State 9 (2-2)

Player   ab    r    h  rbi   bb   so   po    a  lob 
Falcon ss 
Macary rf 
Boylan 3b 
Vogelbaugh 1b 
Mercer c  10 
Brecheisen lf 
Arnold cf 
Karlin 2b 
   Cleland ph 
   Kilgore pr 
Durossette dh 
Gardner p 
   Martinkus p 
   Herrman p 
Totals  36  11  27  10 

Score by Innings                    R  H  E
-------------------------------------------
Sioux Falls......... 412 010 022 - 12 18  2
Pittsburg State..... 121 030 101 -  9 11  2
-------------------------------------------
E - Minnick,M; Thompson, C.; Karlin; Martinkus. DP - USF 2. LOB - USF 8; Pitt State 10. 2B - Johnson,R; Jarvis,B 2; Gavin,D; Merriam,C; Arnold. HR - Vogelbaugh(1); Brecheisen(1); Arnold(1). HBP - Karlin. SH - Gavin,D; Durossette. SF - Johnson,R; Reichenbach. SB - Crow,T; Gavin,D; Peterson,G. CS - Minnick,M; Sweeney,C.

Sioux Falls   ip  er  bb  so  wp  bk  hbp  ibb  ab  bf  fo  go  np 
White, Kaleb   4.2  21  27    
Norkike, Austin   2.0  10    
Thompson, Chris W,1-0  2.1    
  
Pittsburg State   ip  er  bb  so  wp  bk  hbp  ibb  ab  bf  fo  go  np 
Gardner   2.1  14  17    
Martinkus L,0-1  5.0  18  20    
Herrman   1.2  10    

Win - Thompson, C. (1-0). Loss - Martinkus (0-1). Save - None. WP - White, K.; Norkike, A.; Thompson, C.; Gardner 4; Martinkus. HBP - by White, K. (Karlin). Pitches/strikes: None.

Umpires -
Start: 3:10 pm Time: 3:07 Attendance: 60

 
Composite Box Score
 

2016 Sioux Falls Baseball
Sioux Falls at Pittsburg State (Game 2) - Composite Box Score
Feb 07, 2016 at Pittsburg, KS (Al Ortolani Field)

Sioux Falls   ab    r    h  rbi  2b  3b  hr  bb  sb  cs  hp  sh  sf  so  ibb  kl  gdp  po    a    e 
Johnson,R cf 
Jarvis,B 2b 
Minnick,M rf 
Reichenbach 1b  15 
Richey,A dh 
Sweeney,C pr 
Rehwaldt, J. dh 
Bernardy,R pr 
Crow,T lf 
Gavin,D 3b 
Merriam,C c 
Peterson,G ss 
White, K. p 
Norkike, A. p 
Thompson, C. p 
Totals   41  12  18  10  27  19 

Pittsburg State   ab    r    h  rbi  2b  3b  hr  bb  sb  cs  hp  sh  sf  so  ibb  kl  gdp  po    a    e 
Falcon ss 
Macary rf 
Boylan 3b 
Vogelbaugh 1b 
Mercer c  10 
Brecheisen lf 
Arnold cf 
Karlin 2b 
Cleland ph 
Kilgore pr 
Durossette dh 
Gardner p 
Martinkus p 
Herrman p 
Totals   36  11  27 

Sioux Falls   ip    h    r  er  bb  so  wp  bk  hbp  ibb  ab  bf  fo  go  np 
White, Kaleb   4.2  21  27    
Norkike, Austin   2.0  10    
Thompson, Chris W,1-0  2.1    
 
Pittsburg State   ip    h    r  er  bb  so  wp  bk  hbp  ibb  ab  bf  fo  go  np 
Gardner   2.1  14  17    
Martinkus L,0-1  5.0  18  20    
Herrman   1.2  10    

Umpires -
Start: 3:10 pm Time: 3:07 Attendance: 60

 
Play-by-Play
 

2016 Sioux Falls Baseball
Sioux Falls at Pittsburg State (Game 2)
Feb 07, 2016 at Pittsburg, KS (Al Ortolani Field)

Sioux Falls starters: 11/cf Johnson,R; 4/2b Jarvis,B; 19/rf Minnick,M; 32/1b Reichenbach; 41/dh Richey,A; 23/lf Crow,T; 22/3b Gavin,D; 7/c Merriam,C; 26/ss Peterson,G; 25/p White, K.;

Pittsburg State starters: 13/ss Falcon; 5/rf Macary; 18/3b Boylan; 23/1b Vogelbaugh; 16/c Mercer; 14/lf Brecheisen; 27/cf Arnold; 4/2b Karlin; 2/dh Durossette; 3/p Gardner;

Sioux Falls 1st - Johnson,R singled through the right side. Johnson,R advanced to second on a wild pitch. Jarvis,B walked. Minnick,M reached on a fielding error by 2b; Jarvis,B advanced to second; Johnson,R advanced to third. Minnick,M advanced to second; Jarvis,B advanced to third; Johnson,R scored on a wild pitch. Reichenbach flied out to cf, SF, RBI; Jarvis,B scored. Richey,A singled through the right side, RBI; Minnick,M scored, unearned. Crow,T struck out looking. Gavin,D doubled to right center, RBI; Richey,A scored, unearned. Merriam,C walked. Peterson,G struck out swinging. 4 runs, 3 hits, 1 error, 2 LOB.

Pittsburg State 1st - Falcon walked. Falcon advanced to second on a wild pitch. Macary grounded out to 2b; Falcon advanced to third. Boylan lined out to 1b. Vogelbaugh singled through the left side, RBI; Falcon scored. Mercer flied out to rf. 1 run, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Sioux Falls 2nd - Johnson,R grounded out to 1b unassisted. Jarvis,B doubled down the lf line. Minnick,M popped up to 2b. Reichenbach singled to left field, RBI; Jarvis,B scored. Reichenbach advanced to second on a wild pitch. Richey,A flied out to cf. 1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Pittsburg State 2nd - Brecheisen walked. Arnold homered to right center, 2 RBI; Brecheisen scored. Karlin hit by pitch. Durossette grounded out to 3b, SAC; Karlin advanced to second. Falcon flied out to rf; Karlin advanced to third. Macary grounded out to 3b. 2 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Sioux Falls 3rd - Crow,T singled through the right side. Crow,T advanced to second on a wild pitch. Gavin,D flied out to cf; Crow,T advanced to third. Merriam,C doubled to left field, RBI; Crow,T scored. Martinkus to p for Gardner. Peterson,G grounded out to 2b; Merriam,C advanced to third. Merriam,C scored on a wild pitch. Johnson,R struck out swinging. 2 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Pittsburg State 3rd - Boylan singled to center field. Vogelbaugh singled through the left side; Boylan advanced to second. Mercer singled through the left side, RBI; Vogelbaugh advanced to third; Boylan scored. Brecheisen reached on a fielder's choice, bunt; Mercer advanced to second; Vogelbaugh out at home p to c. Arnold popped up to 2b. Karlin grounded out to 3b. 1 run, 3 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

Sioux Falls 4th - Jarvis,B flied out to cf. Minnick,M singled through the right side. Reichenbach flied out to cf. Minnick,M out at second p to 1b to 2b, caught stealing. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Pittsburg State 4th - Durossette walked. Falcon reached on a fielder's choice; Durossette out at second ss to 2b. Macary singled to left field; Falcon advanced to second. Boylan grounded into double play p to ss to 1b; Macary out on the play. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Sioux Falls 5th - Richey,A struck out looking. Crow,T singled to center field. Gavin,D singled to right field; Crow,T advanced to third. Gavin,D stole second; Crow,T stole home. Merriam,C struck out looking. Peterson,G struck out looking. 1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Pittsburg State 5th - Vogelbaugh homered to right center, RBI. Mercer out at first p to ss to 1b. Brecheisen singled to shortstop. Arnold doubled to left field; Brecheisen advanced to third. Karlin grounded out to 2b, RBI; Arnold advanced to third; Brecheisen scored. Durossette walked. Norkike, A. to p for White, K.. Durossette advanced to second; Arnold scored on a wild pitch. Falcon walked. Macary grounded out to 3b. 3 runs, 3 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

Sioux Falls 6th - Johnson,R struck out looking. Jarvis,B popped up to 1b. Minnick,M flied out to cf. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Pittsburg State 6th - Boylan grounded out to 2b. Vogelbaugh flied out to rf. Mercer struck out swinging. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Sioux Falls 7th - Reichenbach struck out swinging. Richey,A singled to left field. Sweeney,C pinch ran for Richey,A. Crow,T singled to third base; Sweeney,C advanced to second. Crow,T advanced to second; Sweeney,C out at third c to 3b, caught stealing. Gavin,D struck out swinging. 0 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.

Pittsburg State 7th - Brecheisen homered to right field, RBI. Arnold grounded out to ss. Karlin struck out swinging. Durossette walked. Falcon walked; Durossette advanced to second. Thompson, C. to p for Norkike, A.. Macary lined out to ss. 1 run, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

Sioux Falls 8th - Merriam,C walked. Merriam,C advanced to second on a throwing error by p, failed pickoff attempt. Peterson,G singled to catcher, bunt; Merriam,C advanced to third. Peterson,G stole second. Johnson,R flied out to cf, SF, RBI; Merriam,C scored. Herrman to p for Martinkus. Jarvis,B doubled to right center, RBI; Peterson,G scored. Minnick,M fouled out to 1b. Reichenbach grounded out to p. 2 runs, 2 hits, 1 error, 1 LOB.

Pittsburg State 8th - Boylan grounded out to ss. Vogelbaugh struck out swinging. Mercer grounded out to 2b. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.

Sioux Falls 9th - Rehwaldt, J. to dh for Sweeney,C. Rehwaldt, J. singled. Crow,T singled; Rehwaldt, J. advanced to second. Gavin,D out at first c to 2b, SAC; Crow,T advanced to second; Rehwaldt, J. advanced to third. Bernardy,R pinch ran for Rehwaldt, J.. Merriam,C struck out swinging. Peterson,G singled, 2 RBI; Crow,T scored; Bernardy,R scored. Johnson,R doubled; Peterson,G advanced to third. Jarvis,B grounded out to ss. 2 runs, 4 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB.

Pittsburg State 9th - Brecheisen reached on a throwing error by p, advanced to second. Arnold singled to right field, RBI, advanced to second on a fielding error by rf; Brecheisen scored, unearned. Cleland pinch hit for Karlin. Cleland walked; Arnold advanced to third on a wild pitch. Kilgore pinch ran for Cleland. Durossette grounded into double play p to ss to 1b; Kilgore out on the play. Falcon grounded out to ss. 1 run, 1 hit, 2 errors, 1 LOB.

 
Plate appearance breakdown
 

2016 Sioux Falls Baseball
Sioux Falls at Pittsburg State (Game 2) - Plate Appearance Breakdown
Feb 07, 2016 at Pittsburg, KS (Al Ortolani Field)

batting  plate appearances  vs  vs  rbi  with  adv  with  lead  bases  runner  rnrs  rnrs  2out  gnd  fly 
Sioux Falls   tpa  ab  bb  hp  sh  sf  ci  left  right  ops  rnrs  ops  2outs  off%  full  on3rd  adv  lob  rbi  out  out 
Johnson,R cf  1-4  1-1  0-0  1-1  2-2  1-2  1-3  0-0  1-1 
Jarvis,B 2b  1-3  1-2  1-2  1-2  1-2  0-1  0-1  0-0  0-0 
Minnick,M rf  1-4  0-1  0-3  0-3  1-3  0-1  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Reichenbach 1b  1-3  0-1  1-2  1-3  2-4  1-2  0-1  0-0  1-1 
Richey,A dh  2-4  0-0  1-2  1-2  1-2  0-1  0-1  0-0  0-0 
Sweeney,C pr  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Rehwaldt, J. dh  0-0  1-1  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  1-1  0-0  0-0 
Bernardy,R pr  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Crow,T lf  3-4  1-1  0-0  2-3  2-3  0-0  1-1  0-0  0-0 
Gavin,D 3b  2-4  0-0  0-2  2-4  4-5  1-2  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Merriam,C c  1-2  0-1  1-3  1-3  1-3  0-0  1-1  0-0  1-2 
Peterson,G ss  1-4  1-1  2-5  2-5  3-5  1-3  0-0  0-0  0-0 
White, K. p  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Norkike, A. p  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Thompson, C. p  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Totals......  47  41  18  13-32  5-9  6-19  11-26  17-29  4-12  4-9  0-0  3-4  10 

pitching  batters faced                    vs  vs  with  with  lead  gnd  fly    
Sioux Falls   bf  ab  bb  hp  sh  sf  ci  2b  3b  hr  wp  bk  kl  left  right  rnrs  2out  off%  out  out  np 
White, K.  27  21  2-7  7-14  6-17  1-4  5-5 
Norkike, A.  10  1-3  0-4  0-1  0-2  1-2 
Thompson, C.  0-2  1-6  1-4  0-3  1-2 


batting  plate appearances  vs  vs  rbi  with  adv  with  lead  bases  runner  rnrs  rnrs  2out  gnd  fly 
Pittsburg State   tpa  ab  bb  hp  sh  sf  ci  left  right  ops  rnrs  ops  2outs  off%  full  on3rd  adv  lob  rbi  out  out 
Falcon ss  0-2  0-1  0-2  0-3  2-4  0-1  1-1  0-0  0-0 
Macary rf  1-3  0-2  0-4  1-5  2-5  0-3  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Boylan 3b  1-3  0-2  0-2  0-2  0-2  0-0  1-3  0-0  0-1 
Vogelbaugh 1b  3-3  0-2  1-1  2-2  2-2  1-1  1-1  0-0  0-0 
Mercer c  1-3  0-2  1-1  1-2  1-2  0-3  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Brecheisen lf  1-2  1-2  0-1  0-1  1-1  0-0  3-3  0-0  0-1 
Arnold cf  2-3  1-2  1-2  3-4  3-4  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Karlin 2b  0-2  0-1  0-2  0-2  1-2  0-1  0-0  0-0  1-1 
Cleland ph  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  1-1  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Kilgore pr  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Durossette dh  0-0  0-1  0-1  0-1  1-2  0-0  1-1  0-0  0-1 
Gardner p  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Martinkus p  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Herrman p  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0  0-0 
Totals......  46  36  11  9-21  2-15  3-16  7-22  14-25  1-9  7-9  0-0  1-4  10  16 

pitching  batters faced                    vs  vs  with  with  lead  gnd  fly    
Pittsburg State   bf  ab  bb  hp  sh  sf  ci  2b  3b  hr  wp  bk  kl  left  right  rnrs  2out  off%  out  out  np 
Gardner  17  14  1-2  6-12  4-10  2-4  2-3 
Martinkus  20  18  0-2  6-16  3-8  0-4  1-5 
Herrman  10  1-1  4-8  4-8  2-4  1-1 

 
Howe report
 



Game number USFBB03

Sioux Falls 12, Pittsburg State 9 (Feb 07, 2016 at Pittsburg, KS)

Time: 3:07      Attendance: 60  DH number: 3



Visitor batting - Sioux Falls

                   AB  R  H TB 2B 3B HR   RBI CI SH SF HP   BB IB SO   SB CS GDP  PO  A  E DP    PB SBA CSB CIC

Johnson,R     cf -  5  1  2  3  1           1        1             2
Jarvis,B      2b -  5  2  2  4  2           1                1                     2  4
Minnick,M     rf -  5  1  1  1                                             1       3     1
Reichenbach   1b -  4     1  1              2        1             1              15        2
Richey,A      dh -  4  1  2  2              1                      1
 Sweeney,C    pr -  0                                                      1
 Rehwaldt, J. dh -  1     1  1
 Bernardy,R   pr -  0  1
Crow,T        lf -  5  3  4  4                                     1    1
Gavin,D       3b -  4     2  3  1           1     1                1    1             4
Merriam,C     c  -  3  2  1  2  1           1                2     2               4
Peterson,G    ss -  5  1  2  2              2                      2    1          3  7     2
White, K.     p  -  0                                                                 3     1
 Norkike, A.  p  -  0
 Thompson, C. p  -  0                                                                 1  1  1
Totals......     - 41 12 18 23  5  0  0     9  0  1  2  0    3  0 10    3  2  0   27 19  2  2     0   0   0  0


Visitor pitching - Sioux Falls

                   IP  H AB TBF R ER HR   CI SH SF HB   BB IB SO   WP BK    GS  GF  CG SHO CBO

White, K.         4.2  9 21 27  7  7  2       1     1    4          1        1
Norkike, A.       2.0  1  7 10  1  1  1                  3     2    1
Thompson, C. W    2.1  1  8  9  1                        1     1    1            1
Totals......      9.0 11 36 46  9  8  3    0  1  0  1    8  0  3    3  0     1   1   0   0   0


Home batting - Pittsburg State AB R H TB 2B 3B HR RBI CI SH SF HP BB IB SO SB CS GDP PO A E DP PB SBA CSB CIC Falcon ss - 3 1 3 1 Macary rf - 5 1 1 Boylan 3b - 5 1 1 1 1 1 Vogelbaugh 1b - 5 1 3 6 1 2 1 6 1 Mercer c - 5 1 1 1 1 10 2 3 1 Brecheisen lf - 4 4 2 5 1 1 1 Arnold cf - 5 2 3 7 1 1 3 7 Karlin 2b - 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 Cleland ph - 0 1 Kilgore pr - 0 Durossette dh - 1 1 3 1 Gardner p - 0 Martinkus p - 0 1 1 3 2 Herrman p - 0 1 Totals...... - 36 9 11 21 1 0 3 8 0 1 0 1 8 0 3 0 0 2 27 7 2 0 0 3 2 0 Home pitching - Pittsburg State IP H AB TBF R ER HR CI SH SF HB BB IB SO WP BK GS GF CG SHO CBO Gardner 2.1 7 14 17 7 5 1 2 2 4 1 Martinkus L 5.0 6 18 20 3 3 1 1 7 1 Herrman 1.2 5 9 10 2 2 1 1 1 Totals...... 9.0 18 41 47 12 10 0 0 1 2 0 3 0 10 5 0 1 1 0 0 0
Box Proof - Sioux Falls Box Proof - Pittsburg State R 12 AB 41 R 9 AB 36 LOB 8 BB 3 LOB 10 BB 8 PO 27 SH 1 DP: 2 PO 27 SH 1 DP: 0 SF 2 SF 0 HBP 0 HBP 1 CI 0 CI 0 -- -- -- -- 47 47 46 46

Score by Innings                    R  H  E
-------------------------------------------
Sioux Falls......... 412 010 022 - 12 18  2
Pittsburg State..... 121 030 101 -  9 11  2
-------------------------------------------

 
Line score
 


Sioux Falls 12, Pittsburg State 9 (Feb 07, 2016 at Pittsburg, KS) (Game 2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sioux Falls......... 412 010 022  - 12 18  2      (2-2)
Pittsburg State..... 121 030 101  -  9 11  2      (2-2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Pitchers: Sioux Falls - White, Kaleb; Norkike, Austin(5); Thompson, Chris(7) and Merriam,Connor
. Pittsburg State - Gardner; Martinkus(3); Herrman(8) and Mercer.
Win-Thompson, Chris(1-0)  Loss-Martinkus(0-1)  T-3:07  A-60
HR PSU - Vogelbaugh (1); Brecheisen (1); Arnold (1).